Operant performance following tail-pinch in the rat: effects of d-amphetamine.

To extend the investigation of tail-pinch induced behavioral changes, rats performing on a differential reinforcement of low rates of 10 sec (DRL10), a fixed-interval of 60 sec (F160), and a fixed-ratio of 20 (FR20) schedules were exposed to a paper clip applied to the tail. While a 10 min tail-pinch conducted 1 hr before operant sessions significantly altered the DRL10 behavior, this stressor had little effect on either F160 or FR20 responding. Marked DRL10 behavior performance changes following tail-pinch included increases in the number of lever presses, decreases in the number of the reinforcers, and disruption in the frequency distribution of inter-response times (IRT). These DRL10 operant deficits were diminished when the subject received a tail-pinch pretreatment followed by d-amphetamine treatment (0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg). In combination with biochemical data from others, the present results suggest that catecholamine systems are involved in modulation of DRL10 behavior following tail-pinch.